DOCUMENTS
Pre-Application Document
This section contains the Notice of Intent (NOI) and Pre-Application Document (PAD) that were filed with FERC in March 2025 for review and comment. By filing the NOI and PAD, KPU initiated the formal start of the FERC licensing process for the Project.
Notice of Intent
Pre-Application Document
PAD Reference Documents
This section contains all reference documents used to develop the PAD
Section 1: Introduction
Introduction Documents
Section 2: Process Plan and Schedule
Process Plan and Schedule Documents
Section 3: Project Location, Facilities, and Operation
Project Location, Facilities, and Operation Documents
- 1998_P-420 Final License Application.06.30 wo figures
Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (1998). Ketchikan Lakes Hydroelectric Project, Final Application for Hydropower License. City of Ketchikan. June 1998. - Privileged document,restricted permission due to Critical Energy Infrastructure Information*
*KPU. (2024). Ketchikan Lakes Hydroelectric Project, Supporting Technical Information Document. City of Ketchikan. May 2024. - 2000_08-30_FERC_Order_Issuing_Major new license
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). (2000). Order Issuing Major New License, Project No. 420. August 2000. - 2009_FERC_Order Granting Amendment of LA 405, 407, 409, 413
FERC. (2009). Order Granting Amendment of License for Articles 405, 407, 409 and 413. May 2009. - 1956_USFS_P420 USFS Special Use Permit – Ketchikan Lakes
U.S. Forest Service (USFS). (1956). Special Use Permit, Ketchikan Lakes. August 1956. - 1964_USFS_P420 USFS Special Use Permit – Granite Basin
USFS. (1964). Special Use Permit, Granite Basin. August 1964.
Section 4: Description of Existing Environment and Resource Impacts
- 4.1 General Description of the River Basin
- 4.2 Geology and Soils
- 4.3 Water Resources
- 4.4 Fish and Aquatic Resources
- 4.5 Wildlife and Botanical Resources
- 4.6 Wetlands, Riparian, and Littoral Habitat
- 4.7 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species
- 4.8 Recreation and Land Use
- 4.9 Aesthetic Resources
- 4.10 Cultural Resources
- 4.11 Socioeconomic Resources
- 4.12 Tribal Resources
- usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/national-land-cover-database
Dewitz, J., and U.S. Geological Survey. (2021). National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2019 Products (ver. 2.0, June 2021). - weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=ajk.
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2024). NOAA Online Weather Data for Ketchikan 10N. Available at: https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=ajk. (Accessed August 29, 2024). - nid.sec.usace.army.mil
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (2024). National Inventory of Dams. Washington, DC. Federal Emergency Management Agency. - usgs.gov/programs/national-geospatial-program
United States Geological Survey (USGS). (2023). National Geospatial Program, 20231220, USGS National Hydrography Dataset Best Resolution (NHD) for Hydrological Unit (HU) 8 – 19010102. (published 20231220) FileGDB: U.S. Geological Survey.
- Paywall
Brabets, T.P., Sand, R.S., Walvoord, M. A. (2000). Geology and Hydrology of the Ketchikan and Wrangell Areas, Southeastern Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1632. - Paywall
Hamilton, T.D., Weddle, T.K., & Kaufman, D.S. (1993). The Glacial and Geologic History of the Ketchikan area, Southeastern Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Bulletin 206. - 1995_R&M Engineering_Ketchikan Lakes and Silvis Lakes Geotechnical Review.pdf
R&M Engineering – Ketchikan, Inc. (1995). Ketchikan Lakes and Silvis Lakes, Rockslide Potential and Slope Stability Geotechnical Review. November 1995. - 2014_USDA_Custom Soil Report Ketchikan Hydric Soils List.pdf
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2014). Custom Soil Resource Report for Ketchikan Area, Alaska. Natural Resources Conservation Service. October 2014. - websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. (n.d.). Web soil survey. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 2025, from https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm
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U.S. Geological Survey. (2015). Geologic map of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3340. U.S. Department of the Interior. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim3340
- dec.alaska.gov/water/water-quality/nonpoint-source-control/water-quality-resources/reports
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC). (2018). Waterbody Field Report Ketchikan Creek, Ketchikan, Alaska. Prepared by G. Augat. 16 pp. Available at: https://dec.alaska.gov/water/water-quality/nonpoint-source-control/water-quality-resources/reports (Accessed November 21, 2024). - epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-05/akwqs-toxics-manual.pdf
ADEC. (2022). Alaska Water Quality Criteria Manual for Toxic and Other Deleterious Organic and Inorganic Substances. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-05/akwqs-toxics-manual.pdf (Accessed November 21, 2024). - dec.alaska.gov/water/water-quality/
ADEC. (2024). 18 AAC 70 Water Quality Standards. Available at: https://dec.alaska.gov/water/water-quality/ (Accessed November 21, 2024). - dnr.alaska.gov/projects/las/#filetype/ADL/filenumber/48794/searchtype/water
Alaska Department of Natural Resources (ADNR). (2024a). Case, Land and Water Information. Natural Resources. Land Administration System. Available at: https://dnr.alaska.gov/projects/las/#filetype/ADL/filenumber/48794/searchtype/water (Accessed November 20, 2024) - dnr.alaska.gov/projects/las/#filetype/ADL/filenumber/43930/searchtype/water
ADNR. (2024b). Case, Land and Water Information. Natural Resources. Land Administration System. Available at: https://dnr.alaska.gov/projects/las/#filetype/ADL/filenumber/43930/searchtype/water (Accessed November 20, 2024) - dnr.alaska.gov/projects/las/#filetype/ADL/filenumber/43932/searchtype/water
ADNR. (2024c). Case, Land and Water Information. Natural Resources. Land Administration System. Available at: https://dnr.alaska.gov/projects/las/#filetype/ADL/filenumber/43932/searchtype/water (Accessed November 20, 2024) - 2014_AARI_ketchikan-creeks+Stormwater Quality-adec.pdf
Aquatic Restoration & Research Institute (ARRI). (2014). Ketchikan Creeks: Stormwater Quality Assessment. Jensen, L.R, J. C. Davis, and G. A. Davis. August 2014. 66 pp. Available at: https://dec.alaska.gov/media/16765/ketchikan-creeks-2014-adec.pdf (Accessed November 20, 2024) - 2019_KPU_Ketchikan Lakes Bathymetric Map, Rev by KPU Water.pdf
DOWL Engineering. (2019). Ketchikan Lakes Bathymetric Map. - 2022_Jacobs_ KPU Watershed Control Plan and Appendices_Final.pdf
Jacobs. (2022). Ketchikan Creek Watershed Control Plan. Ketchikan Public Utilities. - 1990_CH2HILL_KPU Raw WQ Data_1990.pdf
Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (1990). Ketchikan and Fawn Lakes Water Treatment Plant Pilot Study. Prepared by for Ketchikan Public Utilities by CH2MHILL. January 1990. - Internal document, released upon request
Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (1996). Water Quality Analytical Results from 5/24/89 through 2/13/95. Ketchikan, AK. 80 pp. - 1998_KPU_Ketchikan Lakes Preliminary EA for Hydropower License.pdf
Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (1998). Ketchikan Lakes Hydroelectric Project Volume II. Draft Applicant Prepared Environmental Assessment for Hydropower License. City of Ketchikan, Alaska. Acting By and Through Ketchikan Public Utilities. June 30, 1998. FERC Project No, 420-000 Alaska. State Review No. AK9608-09J. 138 pp. - 2006_OtterTail_Water Temperature Art404 Report Final.pdf
Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (2006). Ketchikan Creek Watershed: Water Temperature Study for the Ketchikan Lakes Hydroelectric Project. FERC Project No, 420-000-Alaska (State Review No. AK9608-09J). Prepared for: Ketchikan Public Utilities. Prepared by: OtterTail Environmental, Inc. October 2006. 42 pp. - 1927_KPU_FERC license application – Exhibit E property and water rights (1).pdf
Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (2025). Citizens Light, Power and Water Company. Application for License, Water Power Permit. Exhibit “E”. Scanned document available from KPU archives as 1927 FERC license application – Exhibit E property and water rights.pdf. 3 pp - Internal document, released upon request
Southern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association (SSRA) 2003. Water Temperature data provided to Ed Fleming of OtterTail Environmental, Inc. by Jerry Guthrie, Hatchery Manager of Deer Mountain Hatchery. - Availble upon request.
Southern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association (SSRA) 2025. Water Temperature data provided to Jenny Holstrom of Ketchikan Public Utilities by Matt Allen, Whitman Lake/Deer Mountain Hatchery Manager. - usgs.gov/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset
United States Geological Survey (USGS). (2023). National Geospatial Program, 20231220, USGS National Hydrography Dataset Best Resolution (NHD) for Hydrological Unit (HU) 8 – 19010102. (published 20231220) FileGDB: U.S. Geological Survey.
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ADFG. (2024b). Coho Salmon species profile. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=cohosalmon.main (Accessed: December 19, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=pinksalmon.main
ADFG. (2024c). Pink Salmon species profile. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=pinksalmon.main (Accessed: December 19, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=chumsalmon.main
ADFG. (2024d). Chum Salmon species profile. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=chumsalmon.main (Accessed: December 18, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=dollyvarden.main
ADFG. (2024e). Dolly Varden species profile. Available at: https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=dollyvarden.main (Accessed: December 18, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=steelhead.main
ADFG. (2024f). Steelhead and Rainbow Trout species profile. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=steelhead.main (Accessed: December 20, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=cutthroat.main
ADFG. (2024g). Coastal Cutthroat Trout species profile. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=cutthroat.main (Accessed: December 18, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=chinook.main
ADFG. (2024h). Chinook Salmon species profile. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=chinook.main (Accessed: December 20, 2024). - adfg.alaska.gov/static/education/wns/brook_trout.pdf
ADFG. (2024i). Brook Trout species profile. Available at:https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/static/education/wns/brook_trout.pdf (Accessed: December 12, 2024). - 1991_Bjorn_Habitat Requirements of salmonids in streams.pdf
Bjornn, T.C. and Reiser, D.W. (1991). ‘Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams’, in W.R. Meehan (ed.) Influences of Forest and Rangeland Management on Salmonid Fishes and their Habitats. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication No. 19, pp. 83-138. - Paywall
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Cooney, T. and Holzer, D. (2006). ‘Appendix C: Interior Columbia Basin stream type Chinook salmon and steelhead populations: habitat intrinsic potential analysis’, in Interior Columbia Basin Technical Recovery Team (ICTRT), (ed.) Viability Criteria for Application to Interior Columbia Basin Salmonid ESUs, Review Draft (2007). Available at: https://docs.cbfwl.org/NOAA/ICTRT200703.pdf (Accessed January 3, 2025). - 2008_Delaney K. ADFG_ chinook_salmon species profile.pdf
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Fleming, E. (2004). Letter to Magalie R. Salas, Office of the Secretary, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, February 26, 2004, ‘Regarding: Ketchikan Lakes Hydroelectric Project, FERC Project No. 420, Fisheries Habitat Enhancement Mitigation Status Report’. Littleton, CO: OtterTail Environmental Inc., pp. 1-3.
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Groot, C. and Margolis, L. (1991). Pacific salmon life histories. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press. - 2000_Halupka_Biological Characteristics and population status of anadromous salmon in SE Alaska.pdf
Halupka, K. C., Bryant, M. D., Willson, M. F. and Everest, F. H. (2000). Biological characteristics and population status of anadromous salmon in Southeast Alaska.. Portland, OR: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-468. - Paywall
Healey, M. C. (1991). ‘Life history of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)’, in Groot, C. and Margolis, L. (eds.), Pacific salmon life histories. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, pp. 311-393. - 1991_Heard_Life History of Chinook Salmon.pdf
Heard, W. R. (1991). ‘Life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)’, in Groot, C. and Margolis, L. (eds.), Pacific salmon life histories. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, pp. 119-231. - 2014_AARI_ketchikan-creeks+Stormwater Quality-adec.pdf
Jensen, L.R., Davis, J.C. and Davis, G.A. (2014.) Ketchikan Creeks: Stormwater quality assessment, Talkeetna, AK: Aquatic Restoration and Research Institute. Available at: https://dec.alaska.gov/media/16765/ketchikan-creeks-2014-adec.pdf (Accessed: January 7, 2025). - 2008_Johnson_Catalog of waters important for spawning, rearing, or migration anadromous_waters.pdf
Johnson, J. and Daigneault, M. (2008). Catalog of waters important for spawning, rearing, or migration of anadromous fishes-Southeastern Region, Effective June 2, 2008. Special Publication No. 08-06. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, pp. 1-482. - 1998_KPU_P420 Aquatic Resources Study.pdfKetchikan Public Utilities (KPU). (1998). Aquatic resources study for the Ketchikan Lakes hydroelectric project (FERC Project No. 420; State Review No. AK9608-09J). Ketchikan, AK: Ketchikan Public Utilities, pp. 1.1-5.2, plus appendices.
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- govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-08-23/pdf/2023-18260.pdf
Federal Register (2023). Notification of Findings. 88 FR 57388
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Nawrocki, T., J. Fulkerson, and M. Carlson. (2013). Alaska Rare Plant Field Guide. Anchorage: Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska - poa.usace.army.mil/Portals/34/docs/regulatory/2018AKNWPL.pdf
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2018. National Wetland Plant List, Alaska. https://www.poa.usace.army.mil/Portals/34/docs/regulatory/2018AKNWPL.pdf (Accessed 8 December 2024).
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Alaska Trails. (2023). Tongass Sustainable Trails Strategy, Ketchikan Ranger District. [online] www.alaska-trails.org. Available at: https://www.alaska-trails.org/_files/ugd/bd3ef8_b8e925c123d6480d9ade1e6db4d699c9.pdf [Accessed Nov. 2024].
- 2022_Jacobs_ KPU Watershed Control Plan and Appendices_Final.pdf
Jacobs. (2022). Ketchikan Creek Watershed Control Plan. Ketchikan Public Utilities. - 2023_KGB_Parks and Playground Master Plan.pdf
Ketchikan Gateway Borough. (2023). Parks and Playgrounds Master Plan. Prepared by Corvus Design for Ketchikan Gateway Borough Public Works Department, 344 Front Street, Ketchikan, AK 99901. - 2013_USFS_Ketchikan Area Trails Guide.pdf
U.S. Forest Service (USFS). (2013). Ketchikan Area Trails Guide. Alaska Region Tongass National Forest R10-RG-210. - 2016_USFS_TongassNF Land&ResourceMGMTPlan.pdf
USFS. (2016). Land and Resource Management Plan. Alaska Region Tongass National Forest R10-MB-769j.
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Jacobs. (2022). Ketchikan Creek Watershed Control Plan. Ketchikan Public Utilities. - archive.org/details/LandscapeAesthetics/page/n9/mode/2up
U.S. Forest Service (USFS). (1996). Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery Management. Alaska Forest Service Agriculture Handbook Number 701.
- 2016_USFS_TongassNF Land&ResourceMGMTPlan.pdf
USFS. (2016). Land and Resource Management Plan. Alaska Region Tongass National Forest R10-MB-769j.
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Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP). (n.d.) Ketchikan, Alaska. Electronic document, https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/ketchikan-alaska, accessed October 2024.
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Ackerman, R. E., T. D. Hamilton, and R. Stuckenrath. 1979. Early Culture Complexes on the Northern Northwest Coast. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 3:195–208. - adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=ByAreaSoutheastKetchikan.main
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). (n.d.a.) Ketchikan Management Area. Electronic document, https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=ByAreaSoutheastKetchikan.main, accessed October 2024. - N.D_ADFG_ketchikan wildlife viewing.pdf
ADFG. (n.d.b.) Ketchikan Wildlife Viewing Guide: Alaska Coastal Wildlife Viewing Trail. 3 pp. - Paywall
Andrew, William, Traci Fitka, Val Hoffman, Don Sturgeon. (1992). Archaeological Analysis of the Excavations at Starrigavan Bay, 49 SIT 229. Project SEEK, Starrigavan Excavation and Education Cooperative. - Paywall
Autrey, John T. (editor). (1992). Draft 2, Research Design/Predictive Model Format for R-10. Manuscript on file, Tongass National Forest, Sitka. - pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/17/6/1590/609513/Late-Pleistocene-and-early-Holocene-sea-level
Baichtal, James F., Alia J. Lesnek, Risa J. Carlson, Nicholas S. Schmuck, Jane L. Smith, Dennis J. Landwehr, and Jason P. Briner. (2021). Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Sea-Level History and Glacial Retreat Interpreted from Shell-Bearing Marine Deposits of Southeastern Alaska, USA. Geosphere 17(6):1590–1615.
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Brown, Thomas Jay. (2016). Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Master’s thesis, Portland State University, Department of Anthropology. - Paywall
Campbell, Chris Rabich. (1984). Preliminary Report Describing Results of a Test Excavation at CRG-164, Sarkar Cove Entrance, Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska. U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Ketchikan, Alaska. - 1989_ Campbell_Study of Matrilineal Descent.pdf
Campbell, Chris Rabich. (1989). A Study of Matrilineal Descent from the Perspective of the Tlingit NexA’di Eagles. Arctic 42(2):119-127. - Paywall
Campbell, Chris Rabich. (1997). Archaeological Survey of Ketchikan Creek and the Ketchikan Lake Area, Ketchikan, Alaska, for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Relicensing Project No. 420. Prepared for Ketchikan Public Utilities, Ketchikan, Alaska. - Paywall
Carlson, Risa J., and James F. Baichtal. (2015). A Predictive Model for Locating Early Holocene Archaeological Sites Based on Raised Shell-Bearing Strata in Southeast Alaska, USA. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal 30:120–138. - Paywall
Clark, Gerald H. (1979). A Brief Preliminary Comparison of Polished Slate from Two Southeast Alaskan Coastal Middens. Manuscript on file with the Office of History and Archaeology, Anchorage, Alaska. - archive.org/details/unitedstatescoa00usco
Coast Pilot. (1883). Coast from Dixon Entrance to Yakutat Bay with the Inland Passage.
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Davis, Stanley D. (1985). Test Excavation of the Starrigavan Site, 49 SIT 229, Baranof Island Alaska. U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Sitka, Alaska. - Paywall
Davis, Stanley D. (1990). Prehistory of Southeast Alaska. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 197–202. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. - Paywall
Davis, Stanley D., Jon M. Erlandson, Richard G. Holloway, Ricky Ray Lightfoot, Madonna L. Moss, and Douglas N. Swanston. (1984). The Hidden Falls Site, Baranof Island, Alaska. Edited by Stanley D. Davis. U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Sitka, Alaska. - 1964_DeLaguna_Archaeology of bulletin.pdfDe Laguna, Frederica, Francis A. Riddell, Donald F. McGeein, Kenneth S. Lane, J. Arther Freed, and Carolyn Osbourne. (1964). Archaeology of the Yakutat Bay Area, Alaska. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 192. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
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Emmons, George Thornton. (1991). The Tlingit Indians, Edited with Additions by Frederica de Laguna and a Biography by Jean Low. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, and American Museum of Natural History, New York. - Paywall
Goldschmidt, Walter R., and Theodore H. Haas. (1998). Haa Aani, Our Land: Tlingit and Haida Land Rights and Use, edited and introduced by Thomas F. Thornton. Sealaska Heritage Foundation, Juneau, Alaska. - Paywall
Grinev, Andrei Val’terovich. (2005). The Tlingit Indians in Russian America, 1741–1867. Trans. Richard L. Bland and Katerina G. Solovjova. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. - Privileged document, Critical Energy Infrastructure Information
Ketchikan Public Utilities. (2024). Ketchikan Lakes Hydroelectric Project, FERC No. 420. Supporting Technical Information (STI) Document. Ketchikan Public Utilities, Ketchikan. - sitnews.us/Kiffer/KPU/121907_kpu.html
Kiffer, Dave. (2007). KPU: Ketchikan’s Home Grown Utility Water, Power and Telephone for more than 7 Decades. Online resource: http://www.sitnews.us/Kiffer/KPU/121907_kpu.html. Accessed on December 7, 2024.
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Lemke, Richard W. (1975). Reconnaissance Engineering Geology of the Ketchikan Area, Alaska, with Emphasis on Evaluation of Earthquake and Other Geologic Hazards. United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey, Open-file report 75-250. - Paywall
Machner, Herbert D.G. (2008). Fishtails, Ancestors, and Old Islanders: Chirikof Island, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Dynamics of Western Alaska Prehistory. Alaska Journal of Anthropology 6(1&2):171–183. - Paywall
Mobley, Charles M. (2003). Sawmill Creek Road Upgrade, Sitka, Baranof Island, Alaska: Cultural Resource Investigations. Prepared for USKH, Inc. and Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, Juneau, Alaska. - Paywall
Mobley, Charles M. (2018). Archaeological Excavation at the Yatuk Creek Terrace Site (CRG-717), Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska. - Moss_1989_TheAntiquityofTlingitSettlement.pdf
Moss, Madonna L. (1989). The Antiquity of Tlingit Settlement on Admiralty Island, Southeast Alaska. American Antiquity 54(3):534–543. - Paywall
Moss, Madonna L. (1998). Northern Northwest Coast Regional Overview. In The Origins, Development, and Spread of Prehistoric North Pacific-Bering Sea Maritime Cultures, edited by Allen McCartney and William Workman. Arctic Anthropology 35(1). - Paywall
Moss, Madonna, Justin M. Hayes, Peter M. Bowers, and Douglas Reger. (2016). The Archaeology of Coffman Cove: 5500 Years of Settlement in the Heart of Southeast Alaska. University of Oregon Anthropological Paper No. 72. University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History and the Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene. - archive.org/details/dictionaryofalas0000orth
Orth, Donald J. (1967). Dictionary of Alaska Place Names. Geological Survey Professional Paper 567. Reprinted 1971 with minor revisions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
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Parker, P.L., and T.K. King. (1998). Guidelines for documenting and evaluating traditional cultural properties. National Register Bulletin 38. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register, History and Education, National Register of Historic Places. Washington, DC. - archive.org/details/reportonpopulati00petruoft/page/n3/mode/2up
Petroff, Ivan. (1884). Report on the Population, Industries, and Resources of Alaska. 10th Census. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
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Roberts, Larry D. (1982). Southeastern Archaeology in Light of the Irish Creek Site. U.S. Forest Service, Stikine Area, Petersburg, Alaska. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Alaska Anthropological Conference, Fairbanks, Alaska. - Paywall
Thornton, Thomas F. (Ed.). (2012). Haa Leek’w Has Aani Saax’u: Our Grandparents Names on the Land. Sealaska Heritage Institute. - census.gov/library/publications/1893/dec/volume-8.html
U.S. Census. (1893). Report on the Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census:
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U.S. Census. (1890). Department of the Interior Census Office.
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U.S. Census. (1900). Table 5: Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1890 and 1900 – Continued. Electronic document, https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/histpdfs/1900inhab.pdf
- live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/histpdfs/1930ak.pdf
U.S. Census. (1930). Alaska. Electronic document, https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/histpdfs/1930ak.pdf - live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/histpdfs/1970char.pdf
U.S. Census. (1973). 1970 Census of Population, Volume 1, Characteristics of the Population, Part 3, Alaska. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Electronic document, https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/histpdfs/1970char.pdf
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U.S. Census. (1981). 1980 Census of Population, Volume 1, Characteristics of the Population, Part 3, Alaska. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Electronic document, https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/histpdfs/1980det.pdf
- pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim3340
Wilson, F.H., Hults, C.P., Mull, C.G., and Karl, S.M., comps. (2015). Geologic Map of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3340, 197 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:1,584,000. Electronic document, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3340.
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U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2023. Retrieved from https://data.census.gov/table?q=acs&y=2023.
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De Laguna, Frederica. (1990). Tlingit. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 203–228. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
- Paywall
Grinev, Andrei Val’terovich. (2005). The Tlingit Indians in Russian America, 1741–1867. Trans. Richard L. Bland and Katerina G. Solovjova. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. - Parker_1998_Guidelines for documenting and evaluating Traditional Cultural Properties.pdf
Parker, P.L., and T.K. King. (1998). Guidelines for documenting and evaluating traditional cultural properties. National Register Bulletin 38. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register, History and Education, National Register of Historic Places. Washington, DC. - Paywall
Thornton, Thomas F. (Ed.). (2012). Haa Leek’w Has Aani Saax’u: Our Grandparents Names on the Land. Sealaska Heritage Institute.
Section 5: Preliminary Issues and Studies List
Preliminary Issues and Studies List Documents
- adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=specialstatus.main
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). (2024). Special Status Species. Available at: https://www.ADFG.alaska.gov/index.cfm?ADFG=specialstatus.main (Accessed: December 20, 2024).
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English, D.B.K. et. al. (2002). Forest Service National Visitor Use Monitoring Process: Research Method Documentation. USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-57. - ferc.gov/media/comprehensive-plans
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). 2024. List of Comprehensive Plans. Available online: https://www.ferc.gov/media/comprehensive-plans. Accessed January 2, 2025.
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Hill, N.R. and J. Spencer. (2020). National scenery management system inventory mapping protocols. Developed by USDA Forest Service, Enterprise Program for USDA Forest Service Washington Office, Chief Landscape Architect. July 2020. - fs.usda.gov/detail/tongass/landmanagement/planning/?cid=fseprd110549
U.S. Forest Service (USFS). (2024). Draft Recreation and Tourism Resource Assessment: Tongass National Forest Plan Revision. Alaska Region Tongass National Forest. December 2024.
- 2024_USFS_Draft Scenic Resource Assessment Tongass National Forest.pdf
USFS. (2024). Draft Scenic Resource Assessment: Tongass National Forest Plan Revision. Alaska Region Tongass National Forest. November 2024.